INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY 200910

• INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY 200910
• ..Jasmeet Chap 01 Intro To Computers
• ..Bliana Chap 02 Internet
• ..Adeyinka Chap 03 Application Software
• ..Pramilah Chap 04 System Unit
• ..Mahendran Chap 06 Output
• ..Faizan Chap 07 Storage
• ..Amr Chap 08 Operating Systems & Utility Programs...
• ..Dennis Chap 09 Data Communication
• ..Gevita Chap 10 Database Management
• ..Chen-special-topic-01-Multimedia
• ..Wong Pau Tung-special-topic-02-Virus

..Jasmeet Chap 01 Intro To Computers

Jasmeet Chap 01 Intro To Computers

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CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTERS
By : Jasmeet Khosa
What is a computer ?
How is computer defined ?
Electronic device operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory
Accepts Data
Processes Data into Information
Produces and stores results
What is a computer ?
What is the information processing cycle ?
Input
Process
Output
Storage
Communication
The components of a computer ?
What is an input device ?
Hardware used to enter data and instructions.
What is and output device ?
Hardware that conveys information to one or more people.
What is a system Unit ?
Case containing electronic components used to process data.
The components of a computer ?
What are the two main components on the motherboard ?
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
* Also called as processor.
Memory
The components of a computer ?
What is storage?
Holds Data, instructions and information for future use.
The two components of storage are:
Storage Media
Storage Device
The components of a computer ?
Examples of storage media are:
Portable, thin memory cards
USB flash drive
Floppy Disk
Compact Disk
(CD)
Hard Disk
The components of a computer ?
What is a communications device ?
Hardware components that enables a computer to send and receive Data, instructions, and information.
Occurs over cables, telephone lines, cellular radio network, Satellites, and others transmission media.
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF USING COMPUTERS ?
What is the advantages of using computers ?
Reliability
Speed
Communications
Consistency
Storage
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF USING COMPUTERS ?
What is the disadvantages of using computers ?
Violation of privacy
Impact on Labor Force
Health Risks
Impact on Environment
Network and the internet ?
What is a network ?
Collection of computers and devices connected together.
Communications Device
Transmission Media
Enable a connection between computers
Cables
Satellites
Telephone lines
Cellular radio
One type is a modem
Network and the internet ?
To save time and money
What are the reasons to internet ?
To share
Resources
Information
Hardware devices
Data
Software programs
Network and the internet ?
Why do users access the internet ?
Communication
Information
Shopping
Banking and investing
Classes
Entertainment
COMPUTER SOFTWARE?
What is a software ?
Consists of a series of instructions that tells the computer what to do
Also called a program
COMPUTER SOFTWARE?
What is system software ?
Programs that control or maintain the operations of the computer and its devices.
What is application software ?
Programs that performs that perform specific tasks for users.
What is a programmers ?
Someone who develops applications or system software.
Categories of computers ?
What are the categories of computers ?
Microcomputers
Mobile computers and mobile devices
Midrange Servers
Mainframes
Supercomputers
Embedded Computers
Categories of computers ?
What are the categories of computers ?
Under microcomputers there are :
Desktop
Laptop
Tablet Pc
Palm PC
PDA
Net book
SERVERS?
What types of servers are there ?
Midrange server
Powerful, large computer that supports up to a few thousand computer.
Mainframe server
Very powerful, expensive computer that supports thousands of computers.
Supercomputer
-The faster, most powerful, most expensive computer. Used for application requiring complex mathematical calculations.
Elements of an information system ?
What are the information system elements ?
Data
Hardware
Software
Procedures
People
Computer applications in society ?
Education
Finance
Government
Healthcare
Science
Publishing
Travel
Industry
Question ?
1) Give me few example of who needs and uses a power computer?
Question ?
Engineers
Scientists
Architects
Desktop publishers
Graphic artists
Question ?
2) What are the few functions of a PDA ?
Question ?
Calendar
Appointment book
Address book
Calculator
Notepad

..Bliana Chap 02 Internet

Bliana Chap 02 Internet

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Chapter 2: The Internet and World Wide Web
Prepared by:Bliana Muhammad Halime
Started by Pentagon’s Advanced Research Program Agency(ARPA) by US Department of Defense.
It allowed scientist to share information at different locations and projects to function even if part of network is disabled.
Original ARPANET consist 4 computers in 4 universities that served as a host on the network.
Evolution of Internet
National Science Foundation (NSF) uses it huge network of 5 supercomputers to connect (NSFNET) with ARPANET. Known as Internet.
The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) sets standards and guidelines in contributing to the growth of the web.
NSFNET is replaced by companies that provide networks to handle internet traffic.
Internet 2- develop and test advanced network that will benefit internet users in short term future.
Cable Internet Service
DSL ( Digital Service Line)
Fiber to the Premises
Fixed wireless
Cellular radio network
Wi-Fi
Satellite internet service
Connecting to the Internet
Differences betw dial up and broadband internet connections.
Dial-up
Broadband
Requires modem that is connected to computers and land line
Connects to internet via phone line
Slower speed technology
Access through cable television network, regular telephone lines and fiber optic cable.
Does not requires modem for every computers( a modem acts as ports and hotspot).
Connects to internet via radio signal and satellite signals.
High speed technology
Access through wireless ports, router etc.
Access Providers
Internet Service Provider
Online Service Provider
Is a regional or national service provider.
Regional- provides access to a specific geographic area.
National- provides access to cities and towns nationwide.
For dial up access- some offers both local and toll free telephone numbers.
Has members only features. E.g. AOL and MSN.
Provides gateway functionality to Internet.
Provides free access to Internet
Uniquely identifies computer that are connected to the internet.
Relies on IP add to identifies and send data to specific locations.
Internet Protocol Address- consist of four different group of numbers, each separated by a period.
E.g 72.14.207.99 or www.google.com
Domain name is text version of IP add.
Purpose of an IP address and domain name.
Web Browser- application software that allows users to access and view Web pages.
Components of web address
-link(hyperlink) built in connection to web
page.
-URL (Uniform Resource Locator) or web
address.
Purpose of a web browser and the components of a web address.
Enter a word or phrase.
The results is called searched query.
Each word is known as keywords.
The search engine displays the number of hits. (in a form of a list)
Subject directory classifies the topics that u searched.
By clicking at it, it will link you to the web page.
How do u use a search engine?
Portal
Blog
Wiki
Online social network
Web application.
What are the types of websites?

..Adeyinka Chap 03 Application Software

Adeyinka Chap 03 Application Software

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APPLICATION SOFTWARE
APPLICATION SOFTWARE – this is a program designed to make user more productive, and/or assist them with personal task. application software help to create letters, memos, and reports etc.
THE USES OF APPLICATION SOFTWARE
(1) to make business activities more efficient
(2) to assist with graphic and multimedia project
(3) to support home personal and educational tasks
(4)to facilitate communication
Categories of application software
APPLICATION SOFTWARE CAN BE CATIGORISE INTO FOUR GROUPS
(1) BUSINESS APLICATION SOFTWARE --- this is an application software that assist people in becoming more effective and efficient when performing their day to day activities.eg accounting software,personal information, and the document management
(2)GRAPIC AND MULTIMEDIA SOFTWARE – this are sophisticated software that allow them to work with graphic and multimedia .this software include desktop publishing printing image ,editing photo editing video etc
(3)HOME PERSONAL EDUCATION -- this software provide valuable and through information for all individual popular reference soft ware including encyclopedias dictionaries health media guide
(4) COMMUNICATION SOFTWARE this is a software that transmit information from the encoder which is the sender to the decoder which is the reliever
CHAPTER THREE PRESENTATION BY OMOSUWA .ADEYINKA .O
TYPES OF APPLICATION SOFTWARE
Date base software - this is a structural collection of data it help the user to store retrieve from data base
Word processing software –it enable user to credit and edit document e.g. ms word word pad note pad
Spread sheet software - this software allows users to perform calculation
Presentation software –this is used to display information in form of slide show
MULTIMEDIA SOFTWARE – this allows users to create and play audio video e.g. real and media player
THE ROLE OF SYSTEM SOFT WARE
system software serve as an interface between the user application software and the computer hardware, the user does not communicate directly to the hardware e.g. when the user instruct the application soft ware to print a document, the application send the print instruction to the system software which in turn send the print instruction to the hard ware.
WORKING WITH APPLICATION SOFTWARE
To work or use the application software ,you must instruct the operating system to start the program e.g. you click the all program command and on the start menu then all programs listed is displayed on the start menu. then click the program name on the menu the action instruct the operating system to start the programs, instruction load from a storage menu e.g. when you click print the accessories lead window loads the print program instruction from the computer hard ware disc into the memory.
QUESTION What are the types of application software ?

..Pramilah Chap 04 System Unit

Pramilah Chap 04 System Unit

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Chapter 4: The Components of the System Unit
By Pramiladevi
What is the system unit?
Case that contain the motherboard, the flat board within the personal computer housing that holds the chips and circuitry that organize the computers activities.
Sometimes called chassis, is made of metal or plastic and protects the internal electronic components from damage.
The electronic components and circuitry of the system unit, such as the processor and memory, usually are part of or are connected to a circuit board called the motherboard.
What is the motherboard?
Sometimes called a system board, is the main circuit board of the system unit.
The motherboard contains several bus lines, or buses, sets of parallel electrical paths that transport electrical signals. The system bus transfers data between CPU and memory. Bus width and speed affect system performance.
Some expansion buses connect to expansion slots on the motherboard and can receive expansion boards (also called interface cards or adapter cards) that enable you to connect various peripheral devices to the computer.
A serial port enables data to be transmitted one bit at a time, while a parallel port transmit a group of bits at a time.
What is the Central Processing Unit (CPU)?
A CPU, or processor, on a chip is a microprocessor.
A microprocessor maybe called a logic chip when it is used to control specialized devices.
A microprocessor contains tiny transistors, electronic switches that may or may not allow current to pass through, representing a 1 or 0 bit, respectively.
The more functions that are combined on a microprocessor, the faster the computer runs, the cheaper it is to make, and the more reliable it is.
The 2 parts of the CPU are the control unit and the arithmetic logic unit, both working together as a team to process the computer’s command.
What is the machine cycle?
Four operation of CPU comprise a machine cycle
Step 1. FETCH
obtain program
instruction
or data item from memory
memory
Step 4. STORE
Write result to
memory
Processor
Step 2.DECODE
Translate instruction
Into commands
Control unit
ALU
Step 3.EXECUTE
Carry out command
What is memory?
Electronic components that store instruction, data, and result.
Consist of one or more chips on motherboard or other circuit board.
Each byte stored in unique location called an address, similar to seats in a concert hall.
What is Random Access Memory(RAM)?
Keeps the instruction and data for whatever programs you are using at the moment.
Divided into two types: static RAM(SRAM),which is faster, and dynamic RAM(DRAM), which is slower and much less expensive, SDRAM and RDRAM are faster and more expensive types of DRAM.

..Uthaya Chap 05 Input

Uthaya Chap 05 Input

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What Is Input?
Input is any data or instruction entered into the memory of a computer.
By:UthAyA
Difference Among a Program, a Command, and a User Response
*Program is a series of related instructions that tells a computer what tasks to perform and how to perform them.
*Command is an instructions that causes a program to perform a specific action.
*User Response replying to a question displayed by a program to perform certain actions.
->Keyboard is an input that contains keys users press to enter data and instructions into a computer.->Most keyboard also have function keys programmed to issues commands ; toggle keys that switch between two states when press; and keys used to move the insertion point, or cursor , on the screen.
-> Input Device is any hardware component that allows users to enter data and instructions(program, command, and user response)
Mouse is a pointing device that fits under the palm of your hand.
Optical mouse -> emit and sense light to detect the mouse’s movement.
Laser mouse -> uses a laser and is more expensive than an optical mouse.
Air mouse -> allows you to control objects, media players, and slide shows by moving
the mouse in predetermined directions through the air.
Wireless/Cordless mouse -> transmit data using wireless technology.
Touch screen is a touch-sensitive display device.Touch screen that recognize multiple points of contact at the same time are known as multi-touch.
*(Kiosk is a freestanding computer that usually includes a touch screen)
*(Microsoft Surface is a 30-inch tabletop display that allows one or more people to
interact with screen)
Touch-sensitive pad is an input device thatenable users to scroll through.
Various Types Of Pen Input and Other Types of Input for Smart Phone.
*Pen input is stylus or digital pen that u touch on a flat surface, such as a screen on a
monitor, mobile device and a signature capture pad.
*Stylus is a small metal or plastic device that looks like a tiny ink pen but uses
pressure instead of ink.
*Digital pen is features electronic erasers and programmable buttons.
*Handwriting recognition software is a program that translate handwritten letters
and symbols into characters a computer or mobile device can process.
*Signature capture pad captures signatures written with a stylus or pen attached to a device.
*Gamepad controls the movement and actions and object.
*Joystick is a handheld vertical lever that you move to control a simulated vehicle player.
*Wheel is a steering-wheel-type device that you turn to stimulate driving a vehicle.
*Light gun is used to shoot targets as you pull the trigger on the weapon.
*Dance pad is an electronic device, divided into panels, that users press with their feet.
*Motion sensing game controllers such as Wii Remote guide on screen elements by moving a handheld input device in predetermined direction through the air.
How Does Resolution Affect the Quality of a Picture Captured on a Digital Camera?
*Resolution is the number of horizontal and vertical pixels in a display device.
*higher the resolution the better the picture quality.
How Are Voice Recognition, Web Cams, and Video Conferencing Used?
*Voice recognition also called speech recognition is the
computer ‘s capability of distinguishing spoken words.
*Web cam enable users to capture video and still image
and then send or broadcast over the internet.
*Video conference enable two or more users to transmit audio and video data.
Scanner or optic scanner is a light sensing input device that reads printed text and graphic and translate the results into a form the computer can process.
Examples:
*Flatbed scanner
*Optical reader
*Optical character recognition(OCR)
*Optical mark recognition(OMR)
*bar code reader/bar code scanner
*Radio frequency identification(RFID)
*magnetic stripe card reader
*magnetic ink character recognition(MICR)
What Are Various Biometric Devices?
*Biometric device translate a personal characteristic into digital
code that is compared with a digital code stored in the
computer to identify an individual.
Devices:
*fingerprint reader
*face recognition system
*hand geometry system
*voice verification system
*signature verification system
*retinal scanner

..Mahendran Chap 06 Output

Mahendran Chap 06 Output

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OUTPUT
processed into useful form
4 Types of Output:
Text
Graphics
Audio
Video
Devices – Hardware component that conveys
information to one or more people
Display Devices
Output display that visually conveys text, graphics, and video information
2 Types of Display Devices
Flat-panel Displays
( LCD Monitors[uses a liquid crystal display to produce images])
( LCD Screens[produce colour using either active –matrix or passive matrix technology])
( Plasma Monitors[display device that uses gas plasma technology ,which sandwiches a layer of gas between two glass plates)
* LCD Technology-uses a liquids compound to present information on a device.
*LCD Quality-depends primarily on its resolution ,response time,brightness,dot pitch ,and contrast ratio.
CRT Monitors
Speaker, Headphones and Ear buds
Audio output device is a component of a computer that produces music, speech, and sounds.
Printer
Output device that produces text and graphics on a physical medium such as paper
3 Type of Printer
Nonimpact Printers
(forms characters and graphics on a piece of paper without actually striking the paper)
Ink-Jet Printers
(forms characters and graphics by spraying tiny drops of liquid ink onto a piece of paper )
Photo Printers
(a colour printer that produces photo-lab-quality pictures)
Printer ( cont )
Laser Printers
(a high speed ,high –quality nonimpact printer that operates in a manner similar to a copy machine,creating images using a laser beam and powdered ink,called toner
Thermal Printer
(generates images by pushing electrically heated pins against heat-sensitive paper)
Mobile Printer
(allows a mobile user to print from a notebook computer or other mobile device)
Printer ( cont )
Label and Postage Printers
(prints on an adhesive –type material that can be placed on a variety of items )
Plotters and Large-Format Printers
(sophisticated printers used to produce high-quality drawing )
Impact Printers
(forms characters and graphics on a piece of paper by striking a mechanism against an linked ribbon that physically contacts the paper)
Other Output Devices
Data Projectors text and images displaying on a
(device that takes the computer screen and projects them onto a larger screen so that an audience can see the image clearly)
Interactive Whiteboards
(a touch –sensitive device)
Force-Feedback Game Controllers and Tactile Output

..Faizan Chap 07 Storage

Faizan Chap 07 Storage

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STORAGE CHAPTER 7 by Faizan Tariq
kilobyte (KB) 1 thousand Megabyte (MB) 1 million Gigabyte (GB) 1 billion Terabyte (TB) 1 trillion Petabyte (PB) 1 quadrillion STORAGE
What is Storage?
holds data, instructions, and information for future use
storage medium is physical material used for storage
What is Capacity?
number of bytes (characters) a storage medium can hold
What is a storage device?
Hardware that records and retrieves items from storage media
Reading : Process of transferring items from storage media to memory
Functions as source of input
Writing : Process of transferring items from memory to storage media
creates output
STORAGE
STORAGE
What are tracks and sectors?
Tracks is narrow recording band that forms full circle disk
Sectors stores up to 512 bytes of data
What is a floppy disk ?
Portable , inexpensive storage medium (also called as diskette)
Magnetic disks
What is a floppy disk drive ?
Device that reads from and writes to floppy disk
Also called secondary storage
Floppy disk drive built into a desktop computer
External floppy disk drive attaches a computer with a cable
Magnetic disks
How do you compute a disk's storage capacity?
Multiply number of sides, number of tracks, number of sectors per track, and number of bytes per sector
For high density disk 2 sides x 80 tracks x 18 sectors per track x 512 bytes per sector = 1,474,560 bytes
Characteristics of a 3.5 inch High density Floppy disk
Capacity: 1.44 MB Slides: 2 Tracks: 80 Sector per track: 18 Bytes per second: 512 Sector per disk: 2880
Magnetic disks
What is a Zip disk ?
Magnetic medium that stores 100 MB to 750 MB of data
Used to back up and to transfer files
: backup is duplicate of files, program, or disk in
case of original is lost.
Zip disk requires a Zip drive high capacity drive that reads
and writes on a Zip disk
What is a hard disk ?
High capacity storage
Consist of several inflexible, circular platters that stores items electronically
Components enclosed in alright, sealed case for protection
Advertised capacity 120GB Platters 3 Read/write heads 6 Cylinders 16,383 Bytes per seconds 512 Sectors per track 63 Sectors per drive 234,441,648 Revolution per minute 7,200 Transfer rate 133MB per second Access time 8.9 ms Magnetic disks
What are characteristics of a hard disk?
Simple hard drive characteristics
What is a cylinder ?
Vertical section of track through all platters , single movement of read/write head
arms access all platters in cylinder
Magnetic disks
How does a hard disk work ?
Step 1 : circuit board controls movement of head actuator and a small motor.
Step 2 : small motor spins platter while computer is running.
Step 3 : when software request a disk access, read/write heads determine current or new location of data.
Step 4 : head actuator positions read/write arms over correct location on platters to read or write data.
What is a head crash ?
Occurs when read/write head touches platter surface
Spinning creates cushion of air that floats read/write above platter
Clearance between head and platter is approximately two- millionths of an inch
A smoke particle, dust particle, or human hair could render drive unusable
Magnetic disks
What is a miniature hard disk ?
Provide users with greater storage capacities than flash memory
Some have a form factor of less than 1 inch
Storage capacities range from 2 GB to 100 GB
What is online storage ?
Service on web that provides storage for minimum monthly fee
Files can be accessed from any computer with web access
Large file can be downloaded instantly
Others can be authorized to access your data
Magnetic disks
What are external hard disk and removable hard disk ?
Used to back up or transfer files
External hard disk : freestanding hard disk that connects to system unit
Removable hard disk : hard disk that you insert and remove from hard drive
What are optical discs ?
Flat, round, portable metal discs made of metal, plastic, and lacquer
Can be read only or read/write
Most PCs include an optical disc drive
What is a CD-ROM ?
Compact disc read- only memory
Cannot erase or modify contents
Typically holds 650 MB to 1 GB
Commonly used to distribute multimedia and complex software
Optical disks
What is a DVD-ROM (digital versatile disc-ROM or digital video disc-ROM)?
Highly capacity disc capable of storing 4.7 GB to 17 GB
Must have DVD –ROM drive or DVD player to read DVD -ROM
Stores databases, music, complex software, and movies
How does a laser read data on an optical disc ?
Step 1 . laser diode shines a light beam toward disc
Step 2 . if light strikes a it scatters, if a light strikes a land, it strike a land , it is reflected back towards diode.
Step 3 . reflected light is deflected to a light-sensing diode, which send digital signals of 1 to computer. Absence of reflected light is read as digital signal of 0.
Optical disks
How should you take care of an optical disc ?
Do not expose the disc to excessive heat or sunlight
Do not smoke ,eat or drink near a disc
Do not stack disc
Do not touch the underside of the disc
Do store the disc in a jewel box when not in use
Do hold the disc by its edges
What are CD-Rs and CD- RWs?
CD-R (compact disc – recordable) disc you can write once
Must have CD recorder or CD-R drive
Cannot erase discs contents
CD-RW (compact disc- rewriteable) erasable disc you can write on multiple times
Must have CD-RW software and CD-RW drive
Tape
What is tape?
Magnetically coated plastic ribbon capable of storing large amounts of data at low cost
Primarily used for backup
How is data stored on a tape ?
Sequential access
Reads and write data consecutively like a music tape
Unlike direct access – used on floppy, zip disks , hard disks, CDs and DVDs – which can locate particular item immediately

..Amr Chap 08 Operating Systems & Utility Programs

Amr Chap 08 Operating Systems & Utility Programs

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Operating Systems & Utility ProgramsChapter 8
By Amr Aborig.
What is System Software?
System software consists of the programs that control or maintain the operations of the computer and its devices.
Two types of system software .
Operating systems
Utility programs.
An operating system (OS)is a set of programs containing instructions that work together to coordinate all the activities among computer hardware resources .
Operating systems
Operating systems are divided in to three basic categories :
1.Stand-alone OS: is a complete operating system that works on a desktop computer ,notebook computer, or mobile computing device.
Names of Stand-alone operating systems: DOS /Early Windows Versions (Windows 3.x,Windows 95, Windows NT Workstation, Windows 98, Windows 2000 professional, Windows Millennium Edition, Windows XP)/Windows Vista/ Mac OS X/UNIX/Linux.
2.Server OS: is an operating system that is designed specifically to support a network.
Names of Server operating systems: Early Windows server versions(Windows NT Server, Windows 2000 server, Windows Server 2003)//Windows Server 2008 /UNIX /Linux /Solaris/ Netware.
-Embedded OS :The operating system on mobile devices and many consumer electronics.
-Names of embedded OS :Windows Embedded CE/Windows Mobile/ Palm OS / i Phones OS /BlackBerry/ Embedded Linux /Symbian OS.
~The Boot Process~
-Is the process of starting or restarting a computer is called booting.
-When turning on a computer that has been powered off completely, you are performing a cold boot. A warm boot is the process of using the operating system to restart a computer.
-Steps of the boot process:-
1-The power supply sends a signal to the components in the system unit.
2-The processor finds the ROM chips(s) that contains the BIOS (basic input/output system.
3-The BIOS performs the POST (power on self test) ,which checks components ,such as the mouse , keyboard &adapter cards.
4-The results of the POST are compared with data in a CMOS (Complementary metal-oxide semiconductor) chip.
5-The BIOS may look for the system files on a USB flash drive or on an optical disc drive or may look directly on drive C (hard disk).
6-The system files and the kernel of the operating system load into memory (RAM) from storage (i.e., hard disk).
7-The operating system loads configuration information , may request user information , starts several background processes , and displays the desktop on the screen
Functions of operating systems
-Starting and shutting down a computer (cold or warm boot).
-Providing a user interface.
-Managing computers & Memory.
-coordinating Tasks.
-Configuring Devices.
-Establishing an Internet connection.
-Monitoring Performance.
-Providing file management & other utilities.
-And automatically updating itself &certain utility programs.
-Control a network & administer security.
What is a utility program?
A utility program , also called a utility, is a type of software that allows a user to perform maintenance- type tasks ,usually related to managing a computer , its devices or its programs.
Functions of utility programs
Managing/searching for files.
Viewing images
Uninstalling programs
Cleaning up/Defragmenting disks
Backing up files & disks
Setting up screen savers
Securing a computer from unauthorized eccess
Protecting against viruses/removing spyware & adware
Filtering Internet content
Compressing files
Playing media Files/Burning optical discs.
& Maintaining a personal computer.
Q?
1-What is system software? Name the types of system software.
2-What does POST ,BIOS & CMOS stand for and name their functions?

..Dennis Chap 09 Data Communication

Dennis Chap 09 Data Communication

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By:
Amanta Dennis Saputra
(Diploma in Marketing)
Process in which two or more devices transfer data, instruction, and information.
Wireless Messaging Services
Wireless Internet Access Point
Cybercafés
Global Positioning System
Groupware
Voicemail
Collaboration
Web Service






Is a collections of computers and devices connected together via communications devices and transmission media.
Facilitating communications
Sharing Hardware
Sharing Data and Information
Sharing Software
Transferring Funds
LAN ( is a network that connects computers and devices in a limited geographical area, such as home, office building, etc)
WLAN ( is a LAN that uses no physical wires)
MAN (is a High-speed network that connects local area network in a metropolitan area, such as city or town)
WAN (is a network covers a large geographical area, such as a city, a country, or the world)

Dial-Up Lines (temporary connection that uses one or more analog telephone lines for communications)
Dedicated Lines (type of always-on connections that is established between two communications devices)
ISDN Lines (faster than Dial-Up)
DSL (fast speeds on existing standard copper telephone wiring)
FTTP ( uses fiber-optic to provide extremely high-speed Internet access to users physical permanent locations)
ATM (a service that carries voice, data, video, and multimedia at very high speeds)

Dial-up Modems (communications device that can convert digital signals to analog and analog signals to digital signals)
Digital Modems (communications device that sends and receives data and information to and from a digital line)
Wireless Modems
Network Cars (communications device that enables a computer or device that doesn’t have built-in networking capability to access a network)
Wireless access point (central communications device that allows computer and devices to transfer data wirelessly)
Routers (communications devices that connects multiple computers or other routers together and transmits data to its correct destination on a network)
Connect to the Internet at the same time
Share a single high-speed Internet connection
Access files and programs on the other computers in the house
Share peripherals such as a printer, scanner, external hard disk
Play multiplayer game with players on others computer in the house
Connect game consoles to the Internet
Ethernet (network standard that specifies no central computer or device on the network should control when data can be transmitted)
Power line Cable Network (network that uses the same lines that bring electricity into the house)
Phone line Network (an easy-to-install and inexpensive network that uses existing telephone lines in the home)

1. What is communication in computer ??
2. What is communication device ??

..Gevita Chap 10 Database Management

Gevita Chap 10 Database Management

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CHAPTER 10 DATABASE MANAGEMENT PRESENTED BY GEVITA
DATABASE,DATA& INFORMATION
7 type data
- Data integrity
- Quality Of valuable information
- Hierarchy of data
- Characters
- Fields
- Records
- Files
MAINTAINING DATA
Adding Records
Modifying Records
Deleting Records
Validating Data
FILE PROCESSING VERSUS DATABASES File processing system Data Redundancy Isolated data The database Approach Disadvantages of database Many programs and users share the data in the database.
Can be more complex than a file processing system.
Store a lot in single file.
DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
4 TYPE OF DATABASE
1. File Retrieval & Maintenance
2. Query Language
3. Data Security
4. Backup & Recovery
Relational, Object Oriented & Multidimensional databases
1. Relational
- Stores data in tables
2. Object- Oriented Database
- store data in object
3. Multidimensional
- store data dimensions
Web Database & Types
CHAPTER REVIEW -Database, Data and information -Maintaining Data -File Processing versus Databases -Database Management System -Relational, Object Oriented & Multidimensional - Web Database
What is the examples of application for an object-oriented database?
2. What is the 2 major weaknesses of file processing system?
1. A multimedia database, a groupware database, a computer –aided design, a hypertext database. 2. Data redundancy and isolated data THANK YOU!

..Chen-special-topic-01-Multimedia

Chen-special-topic-01-Multimedia

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Chen-special-topic-01-Multimedia - Presentation Transcript

Multimedia
Multimedia is media and content that uses a combination of different content forms. The term can be used as a noun (a medium with multiple content forms) or as an adjective describing a medium as having multiple content forms. The term is used in contrast to media which only use traditional forms of printed or hand-produced material. Multimedia includes a combination of text, audio, still images, animation, video, and interactivity content forms.
Multimedia is usually recorded and played, displayed or accessed by information content processing devices, such as computerized and electronic devices, but can also be part of a live performance. Multimedia (as an adjective) also describes electronic media devices used to store and experience multimedia content. Multimedia is distinguished from mixed media in fine art; by including audio, for example, it has a broader scope. The term "rich media" is synonymous for interactive multimedia. Hypermedia can be considered one particular multimedia application.
What are some popular graphics and multimedia software products?
Graphics and Multimedia Software
Next
p. 151 Fig. 3-19
Graphics and Multimedia Software
Next
What is computer-aided design (CAD)?
Sophisticated application software that allows you to create engineering, architectural, and scientific designs
p. 151 Fig. 3-20
Graphics and Multimedia Software
Next
What is desktop publishing software?
Enables you to design and produce sophisticated documents that contain text, graphics, and many colors
p. 152 Fig. 3-21
Graphics and Multimedia Software
Next
What is paint/image editing software?
Used to create and modify graphical images
Sometimes called illustration software
p. 152 Fig. 3-22
Graphics and Multimedia Software
Next
What is professional photo editing software?
Allows users to customize digital photographs
Save images in a variety of file formats
p. 152 - 153 Fig. 3-23
Graphics and Multimedia Software
Next
What is video and audio editing software?
Video editing software allows you to modify a segment of a video, called a clip
Audio editing software allows you to modify audio clips
p. 153 Fig. 3-24
Graphics and Multimedia Software
Next
What is multimedia authoring software?
Allows you to combine text, graphics, audio, video, and animation in an interactive application
p. 154 Fig. 3-25
Graphics and Multimedia Software
organize
manage
maintain
Next
What is Web page authoring software?
Helps users of all skill levels to create Web pages
Some application software programs include Web page authoring programs
graphicalimages
video
Web pagesand/orWeb sites
animation
audio
p. 154
Media player is a term typically used to describe computer software for playing back multimedia files. Most software media players support an array of media formats, including both audio and video files.
Media Player
Types of media player.
Windows Media Player
iTunes
Winamp
Qq Player
Qvod player
Media Player
Media Player
Every media player uses the same function as shown in my swf file – play and stop button function. A movie that is played in a media player is said to be having the synchronization of audio and video in a fixed frame setting.
Media Player(ext)

..Wong Pau Tung-special-topic-02-Virus

Wong Pau Tung-special-topi-02-Virus

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Internet and Network Attacks
What are viruses , worms , and Trojan horses ?
p. 558 Virus is a potentially damaging computer program
Worm copies itself repeatedly, using up resources and possibly shutting down computer or network
Trojan horse hides within or looks like legitimate program until triggered Payload (destructive event) that is delivered when you open file, run infected program, or boot computer with infected disk in disk drive Can spread and damage files Does not replicate itself on other computers Next
Internet and Network Attacks
How can a virus spread through an e-mail message?
p. 559 Fig. 11-2 Step 1. Unscrupulous programmers create a virus program. They hide the virus in a Word document and attach the Word document to an e-mail message. Step 2. They use the Internet to send the e-mail message to thousands of users around the world. Step 3b. Other users do not recognize the name of the sender of the e-mail message. These users do not open the e-mail message. Instead they delete the e-mail message. These users’ computers are not infected with the virus. Step 3a. Some users open the attachment and their computers become infected with the virus. Next
Internet and Network Attacks Video: Attack of the Mobile Viruses Next CLICK TO START
Internet and Network Attacks
How can you protect your system from a macro virus?
p. 560 Fig. 11-3
Set macro security level in applications that allow you to write macros
Set security level so that warning displays that document contains macro
Macros are instructions saved in an application, such as word processing or spreadsheet program
Next
Internet and Network Attacks
What is an antivirus program ?
p. 560 - 561 Fig. 11-4
Identifies and removes computer viruses
Most also protect against worms and Trojan horses
Next
Internet and Network Attacks
What is a virus signature ?
p. 561 Fig. 11-5
Specific pattern of virus code
Also called virus definition
Antivirus programs look for virus signatures
Next
Internet and Network Attacks
How does an antivirus program inoculate a program file?
p. 561 Keeps file in separate area of hard disk Next Records information about program such as file size and creation date Attempts to remove any detected virus Uses information to detect if virus tampers with file Quarantines infected files that it cannot remove
Internet and Network Attacks
What are some tips for preventing virus, worm, and Trojan horse infections?
p. 562 Install a personal firewall program If the antivirus program flags an e-mail attachment as infected, delete the attachment immediately Never start a computer with removable media inserted Never open an e-mail attachment unless you are expecting it and it is from a trusted source Install an antivirus program on all of your computers Check all downloaded programs for viruses, worms, or Trojan horses Next Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 11, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Virus Hoaxes below Chapter 11

DESIGNING TIC TAC TOE PROGRAM USING C++ LANGUAGE

Tic-tac-toe, also spelled tick tack toe, and alternatively called noughts and crosses, X's and O's, and many other names, is a pencil-and-paper game for two players, O and X, who take turns marking the spaces in a 3×3 grid, usually X going first. The player who succeeds in placing three respective marks in a horizontal, vertical or diagonal row wins the game.

The following example game is won by the first player, X:

Players soon discover that best play from both parties leads to a draw. Hence, tic-tac-toe is most often played by young children; when they have discovered an unbeatable strategy they move on to more sophisticated games such as chess or chinese checkers. This reputation for ease has led to casinos offering gamblers the chance to play tic-tac-toe against trained chickens—though the chicken is advised by a computer program.

How do we design a simple DOS program for two players?

First of all, we need to approach the game structure systematically using problem decomposition, i.e., breaking down the main problem into small manageable chunks of problem.

EXAMPLE 1

basic procedures:

1. main() - to control the program

2. PlayGame() - to control the game session

3. GameRound() - to control each player's turn

4. DisplayPanel() - to control the game display

5. DisplaySymbol() - to control the symbol display

6. CheckWin() - to determine winning condition

7. InitVar() - to initialize variables before a game session starts

optional procedures:

8. GetPlayerNames() - to get the name of each players

9. PlaySound() - to play certain sounds to accompany events in the game

10. ComputerPlayer() - to play against the human

..Tic Tac Toe Program Design 1

..Tic Tac Toe Program Design 2

..Tic Tac Toe Program Design 3