..Faizan Chap 07 Storage

Faizan Chap 07 Storage

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Faizan Chap 07 Storage - Presentation Transcript

STORAGE CHAPTER 7 by Faizan Tariq
kilobyte (KB) 1 thousand Megabyte (MB) 1 million Gigabyte (GB) 1 billion Terabyte (TB) 1 trillion Petabyte (PB) 1 quadrillion STORAGE
What is Storage?
holds data, instructions, and information for future use
storage medium is physical material used for storage
What is Capacity?
number of bytes (characters) a storage medium can hold
What is a storage device?
Hardware that records and retrieves items from storage media
Reading : Process of transferring items from storage media to memory
Functions as source of input
Writing : Process of transferring items from memory to storage media
creates output
STORAGE
STORAGE
What are tracks and sectors?
Tracks is narrow recording band that forms full circle disk
Sectors stores up to 512 bytes of data
What is a floppy disk ?
Portable , inexpensive storage medium (also called as diskette)
Magnetic disks
What is a floppy disk drive ?
Device that reads from and writes to floppy disk
Also called secondary storage
Floppy disk drive built into a desktop computer
External floppy disk drive attaches a computer with a cable
Magnetic disks
How do you compute a disk's storage capacity?
Multiply number of sides, number of tracks, number of sectors per track, and number of bytes per sector
For high density disk 2 sides x 80 tracks x 18 sectors per track x 512 bytes per sector = 1,474,560 bytes
Characteristics of a 3.5 inch High density Floppy disk
Capacity: 1.44 MB Slides: 2 Tracks: 80 Sector per track: 18 Bytes per second: 512 Sector per disk: 2880
Magnetic disks
What is a Zip disk ?
Magnetic medium that stores 100 MB to 750 MB of data
Used to back up and to transfer files
: backup is duplicate of files, program, or disk in
case of original is lost.
Zip disk requires a Zip drive high capacity drive that reads
and writes on a Zip disk
What is a hard disk ?
High capacity storage
Consist of several inflexible, circular platters that stores items electronically
Components enclosed in alright, sealed case for protection
Advertised capacity 120GB Platters 3 Read/write heads 6 Cylinders 16,383 Bytes per seconds 512 Sectors per track 63 Sectors per drive 234,441,648 Revolution per minute 7,200 Transfer rate 133MB per second Access time 8.9 ms Magnetic disks
What are characteristics of a hard disk?
Simple hard drive characteristics
What is a cylinder ?
Vertical section of track through all platters , single movement of read/write head
arms access all platters in cylinder
Magnetic disks
How does a hard disk work ?
Step 1 : circuit board controls movement of head actuator and a small motor.
Step 2 : small motor spins platter while computer is running.
Step 3 : when software request a disk access, read/write heads determine current or new location of data.
Step 4 : head actuator positions read/write arms over correct location on platters to read or write data.
What is a head crash ?
Occurs when read/write head touches platter surface
Spinning creates cushion of air that floats read/write above platter
Clearance between head and platter is approximately two- millionths of an inch
A smoke particle, dust particle, or human hair could render drive unusable
Magnetic disks
What is a miniature hard disk ?
Provide users with greater storage capacities than flash memory
Some have a form factor of less than 1 inch
Storage capacities range from 2 GB to 100 GB
What is online storage ?
Service on web that provides storage for minimum monthly fee
Files can be accessed from any computer with web access
Large file can be downloaded instantly
Others can be authorized to access your data
Magnetic disks
What are external hard disk and removable hard disk ?
Used to back up or transfer files
External hard disk : freestanding hard disk that connects to system unit
Removable hard disk : hard disk that you insert and remove from hard drive
What are optical discs ?
Flat, round, portable metal discs made of metal, plastic, and lacquer
Can be read only or read/write
Most PCs include an optical disc drive
What is a CD-ROM ?
Compact disc read- only memory
Cannot erase or modify contents
Typically holds 650 MB to 1 GB
Commonly used to distribute multimedia and complex software
Optical disks
What is a DVD-ROM (digital versatile disc-ROM or digital video disc-ROM)?
Highly capacity disc capable of storing 4.7 GB to 17 GB
Must have DVD –ROM drive or DVD player to read DVD -ROM
Stores databases, music, complex software, and movies
How does a laser read data on an optical disc ?
Step 1 . laser diode shines a light beam toward disc
Step 2 . if light strikes a it scatters, if a light strikes a land, it strike a land , it is reflected back towards diode.
Step 3 . reflected light is deflected to a light-sensing diode, which send digital signals of 1 to computer. Absence of reflected light is read as digital signal of 0.
Optical disks
How should you take care of an optical disc ?
Do not expose the disc to excessive heat or sunlight
Do not smoke ,eat or drink near a disc
Do not stack disc
Do not touch the underside of the disc
Do store the disc in a jewel box when not in use
Do hold the disc by its edges
What are CD-Rs and CD- RWs?
CD-R (compact disc – recordable) disc you can write once
Must have CD recorder or CD-R drive
Cannot erase discs contents
CD-RW (compact disc- rewriteable) erasable disc you can write on multiple times
Must have CD-RW software and CD-RW drive
Tape
What is tape?
Magnetically coated plastic ribbon capable of storing large amounts of data at low cost
Primarily used for backup
How is data stored on a tape ?
Sequential access
Reads and write data consecutively like a music tape
Unlike direct access – used on floppy, zip disks , hard disks, CDs and DVDs – which can locate particular item immediately